论自认对象的不利益性

作为自认对象的案件事实是否一定为不利于自认人的事实,学界有不同的观点。持肯定说观点的学者认为,自认对象的不利益性是构成自认的要件之一,但坚持这一观点的学者在判断不利益性的标准方面存在分歧;持否定说观点的学者认为,自认对象不需要不利益性。我国民事诉讼自认制度中关于自认对象不利益性的规定并不明确。由于作为自认制度理论基础的辩论主义并不要求自认的不利益性,同时由于肯定说在判断不利益性的标准上存在分歧,不利于己的事实在诉讼实践中难以判断,加之一些国家和地区在制度上均采否定说,故在这一问题上以采否定说为宜,这有利于提高自认构成的几率,提高审判效率。

Disadvantageness of the Object of Confession

There are different opinions as to whether the objects of confession in civil litigation are surely facts against the interest of the confessor.The positive viewers agree that the disadvantageness of the object of confession is one of the prerequisites for constitution of confession,but disagree on the standard of disadvantageness,whilst negative viewers think that disadvantageness is not required for the constitution of confession at all.Relevant stipulations of Chinese law in this regard are blurred.The negative view should be adopted by Chinese legislation,because firstly,the adversary system which is the basis of confession does not require disadvantageness,and secondly,the standard of disadvantageness itself is not agreed on even among positive viewers,and thirdly,there are already some examples of states which adopted the negative view.This will not only increase the rate of constitution of confession,but also improve the efficiency of adjudication.