当事人主义化的证据规则——台湾刑事诉讼引进传闻规则述评

2003年,因应刑事诉讼当事人主义化的改革,台湾修正并增补了其《刑事诉讼法》第159条,明确引入传闻规则。该规则的引入在台湾法学界引起了广泛的论争,实务部门对此也态度不一,反映了立法和实践的背离。通过对台湾引入刑事传闻规则的原因的深层次分析,可以看出,此次修订立法是符合世界范围内刑事证据制度的发展规律的,但其立法及实施环境中存在的不足,即,立法中对传闻规则的现代法理基础认识的不足而导致的体例一致性和制度系统性的阙失;而司法实践中存在的对传闻规则的观念缺位,则使传闻规则难以发挥应有的制度效应,也预示了制度的移植是一个长期的、逐步磨合的过程。

A Rule of Evidence in the Background of Adversary-oriented Transformation——On Introduction of the Hearsay Rule into Taiwan''''s Criminal Procedure

In the wake of the adversary-oriented transformation of criminal procedure in 2003,the legislature in Taiwan District made certain modifications of and supplements to Article 159 of the Criminal Procedure Code,introducing the hearsay rule,which provoked a heated debate among legal academics and law profession in Taiwan.Different attitudes have been adopted,which reflects a departure from legislation to practice.The introduction of the hearsay rule into Taiwan is an important part of the adversary-oriented transformation of criminal procedure,and the statutory modification is also made following the predominant trend of criminal evidence law.However,defects in the statute and deficiency in its enforcement environment still exist.Modern jurisprudence of the hearsay rule has not been fully recognized by legislators,leaving inconsistency and incompatibility in some provisions.Furthermore,absence of explicit definition of the concept of hearsay in practice also prevents the rule from exerting its due function,which suggests that the transplantation of the hearsay rule will experience a long and gradual adaptation period.