城镇化中土地征收补偿的平等原则

基于现行宪法和法律的规定,城镇化中所需集体土地只能通过征收解决。这一制度的理论基础是事实上平等即物质利益平等,而不是形式平等即法律上平等。这种事实上平等所体现的是越公越优越,超越了我国的社会发展阶段,与宪法修正案已还原的社会发展阶段、混合所有制经济和市场经济体制存在不一致。应当修改《土地管理法》第47条有关土地征收补偿标准的规定,实行以土地市场价为标准,从而实现集体土地与国有土地间的物权平等,实现农民个人与政府、农民与市民间法律上的平等。土地使用权入股应作为土地征收补偿方式的选项,以保障农民平等发展机会。在现行宪法和法律规定不变的情况下,基于土地的特殊属性以及土地权益的有效保障,按期补偿也应作为补偿方式。补偿期限可以按国有土地使用权出让期限确定。

The Principle of Equality of the Land Expropriation Compensation in the Urbanization

According to the contemporary provisions of the constitution and other laws, the expropriation is the only way to get the collective land needed in the urbanization. The system is supported by the theory of factual equality rather than the formal equality that is the legal equality. The factual equality shows the more socialization and the better economy,and this exceeds the contemporary society development situation and inconsistent with the society development stage,the mixed ownership economy,and the market economy system restored by the amendment of the constitution. Therefore,the article 47 of the Land Administration Law should be amended to take land market price as the standard of land expropriation compensation in order to achieve the equality of property rights between the collective land and the state-owned land,and the legal equality between the peasants and the governments and the peasants and the residents in city. Using the usufruct of the land as shares will be an option of land expropriation compensation to guarantee the peasants' equal opportunities of development. Under the condition that the contemporary constitution and other laws keep the same,the compensation on schedule can also be deemed as an effective compensation on the basis of special characters of the land and the effective safeguard of rights on the lands. The term of compensation can be determined on the basis of the period of the usufruct on the stateowned land.