西方“整体政府”改革：理论、实践及启示

20世纪90年代中后期,西方各国进行了以"整体政府"为内容的第二轮政府改革运动。在理论上,西方"整体政府"改革既是对新公共管理反思与批判的结果,又是一定意识形态作用的产物,还与各种协作理论密切相关;"整体政府"已成为当代西方各国政府改革的新趋向,并形成了一种区别于传统官僚制和新公共管理模式的新型政府改革模式,即"整体政府"模式。该模式具有深刻的内涵、鲜明的特征和独特的治理结构。在实践上,"整体政府"改革具有丰富的内容,既有改革模式上的共性,又有具体操作中的国别特色,并形成了一种最佳实践模式。这一最佳实践模式具有独特的文化与哲学、新的工作方式、新的责任和激励机制,以及制定政策、设计方案和提供服务的新方式。西方"整体政府"改革对我国当前行政管理体制改革的进路具有三点启示:一是建立"内联"治理结构;二是发展"外协"合作关系;三是转变政府职能,建设和谐行政文化。

The Reform of Western "Whole of Government": Theory, Practice and Enlightenment

The western countries had "Whole of government" as the content of the second government reform after the middle of 1990s. In theory,western "Whole of Government" reform not only is the reflection of new public administration and the critical results,but also is certain ideological product, closely related with each kind of coordination theories. "Whole of Government" has become the new trend of contemporary western country government reforms and has therefore formed a new government reform mode called as "Whole of Government" mode with profound connotation,distinct characteristics and unique governance structure,which is different from the traditional bureaucrat mode and the new public administration mode. In practice,"Whole of Government" reform has rich content,not only with general reform mode characteristics,but also with concrete operational nationality characteristic,which has formed a best practice mode shown unique culture and philosophy, new working way, new responsibility,new incentive mechanism,and new way of developing policies,designing programs and delivering services. The western "Whole of Government" reform has three enlightenments to China's current administrative management system reform from a view of entered path:First,to establish "In joined-up" Governance Structure;Second,to develop "Out Collaborative" Relation;Third,to change government's function and construct harmony administrative culture.