脑干损伤后神经元及轴突改变的组织化学观察

采用针刺法造成大鼠脑干损伤,用尼氏体染色、嗜银染色和改良三色法观察脑干神经元及轴突在伤后不同时间的病理改变。结果发现,嗜银染色显示伤后 1～ 3h部分神经纤维不规则增粗、少数断裂, 6h断端膨大呈球形, 15h收缩球较为明显,至 24h收缩球明显且数量增多;改良三色法显示伤后 3～ 6h部分髓鞘与轴突之间的间隙增宽, 15h髓鞘明显弯曲、不完全地附着在轴突表面,甚至剥脱,持续到伤后 24h;尼氏体染色显示神经元核周尼氏体在伤后 24h减少。该结果提示,组织化学染色能观察到脑干损伤后的病理改变,并且有可能用于推断脑干损伤时间。

Histochemical observation of changes of neurons and axons in injured brainstem

Brainstem of rats were stabbed with a needle and pathological changes of neurons and axons in brainstem were observed at different time after injury with Nissl's body staining, silver staining and modified trichrome staining. It was found that, by silver staining, the axons showed irregular swelling and disconnection at 1-3 h, marked swelling of the severe end at 6 h, retraction ball at 15 h and remarkable retraction ball at 24 h. By modified trichrome staining, the space between myelin sheaths and axons was widened at 3-6 h, and tortuous myelin sheaths adhered incompletely on axons, or even peeled off at 15 h to 24 h. Perinuclear lysis of Nissl's bodies at 24 h after injury could be seen by Nissl body staining. The results indicated that, the pathological changes in injured brainstem could be observed with histochemical staining, which might be used for timing brainstem injuries.