犯罪主体的认知差异及其实证研究

实证研究发现,人们对犯罪严重性及其惩罚的排序较为一致,支持了犯罪学领域中的共识模式。但受调查者的个体特征(年龄、性别、民族、宗教)显著影响他们对犯罪严重性及其惩罚的认知,具体表现在评分均值的差异。从个体的主体性角度看,后现代法学批判了意志自由和理性主体,强调人的实践性和有限理性。舒茨的主体间性理论和哈耶克的知识分散论表明,自我的意义确立过程和对他人经验的理解是两种完全不同的经验图式和解释图式,诠释了不同主体之间的认知差异。

Perception Differences of Subject of Crime and the Empirical Study

The empirical study finds that people sort out crime seriousness and punishment in the same order, sup- porting consensus model in criminology. The most important finding concerns the statistically significant coefficients of the variables age, gender, ethnicity and religiosity. From the perspective of individual subjectivity, postmodern jurisprudence criticizes free will and rational subject, emphasizing human practicality and finite rationality. Accord- ing to Alfred Schutz ＇ s intersubjectivity theory and Hayek＇ s knowledge dispersion theory, the process of self con- struction of meaning and understanding others＇ experiences are two different experience formulas and explanation formulas, which explains perception differences among different subjects.