从威权管制到社会治理——关于修订《大气污染防治法》的几点思考

我国《大气污染防治法》的修订正在进行之中,大气污染防治法的修订,仍存在一些有待解决的重大问题。除了基于气候变化问题对二氧化碳的规制作出回应,以及结合我国大气污染现状提出大气污染防治应引入分区管理制度外,现行《大气污染防治法》仍然呈现出以政府为主体,以污染企业为规制对象的单一化威权体制特征,其法律实施效果不佳,也不符合现代社会自我管制与和谐发展的要求。为此,需要加强市场激励机制的作用,为社会自我管制和公众参与提供条件,并基于行政责任和民事责任动因的不同,改变目前法律责任规定中重行政责任轻民事责任的现状。

From Governmental Control to Social Governance: Focusing on Revision of the Act of Air Pollution Prevention and Control of the PRC

The Act of Air Pollution Prevention and Control of the PRC is under amendment,but some vital problems need to be settled at first.In addition to carbon dioxide regulation and zonal administration in accordance with the status quo in China,the Act appears to be government-oriented and ascertains that polluting businesses are the target of regulation.This is a model characterized by governmental control,the effects of which are far from satisfaction since it is inconsistent with the requirement of social governance or harmonious development in modern society.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the role of market incentive mechanisms,provide grounds for social governance and public participation.Based on the varying motivations of civil liability and administrative liability,the tendency that administrative liability is highlighted while civil liability is often ignored shall be changed.