中国保甲制度的历史流变与利弊

中固保甲制度作为一种军事化的基层治安制度,它的本质特征是以"户"(家庭)为社会组织的基本单位,并以此形成金字塔式的管理模式,其滥觞是周朝的乡里制度。秦时商鞅变法的"什伍连坐"制已基本具有近代意义上的保甲之实,北宋王安石倡导的熙宁变法使之名符其实。此后,一直延续至20世纪初,国统时期"保甲"则成为"反共剿共"的手段,至新中国成立,此项制度也宣告寿终正寝。一种制度的利弊与它的制定者和执行者的意志密不可分,作为一种政治制度的保制度更是如此。

On the history of the Baojia System and its advantages and disadvantages

As a kind d militarized grass-roots peace-and-order system in China,the"Baojia"system stems from the village-neighborhood system of Zhou Dynasty,taking"household"(family)as a basic unit of the social or- ganization,and formatted a pyramid type of management style.The"Ten-five involving"system of the"Shang yang"political reform of Qin Dynasty had the modern meaning or"Banjia"system.Wang Anshi political reform made the"Baojia"system well-known actually.Henceforth,to the beginning of 20 centuries,the"Baojia"system be- came a method of attacking the Communist Party of China(CPC)in the period of Kuomintang(KMT)government and it was announced to die out in 1949.The advantages and the disadvantages of a system is inseparable or its estab- lishors and administers'will,the"Baojia"system too.