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Investigation of the new possibility of mathematical processing of Raman spectra for dating documents
Affiliation:1. Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 University Embankment, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia;2. Kutafin Moscow State Law University, Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya Str., Moscow 125993, Russia;3. Inter-Regional Economic and Legal Office 1D, 69 Blagodatnaya Str., St. Petersburg 196105, Russia;1. Institute of Forensic Research, Kraków, Poland;2. Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland;1. Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Brazil;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Brazil;3. Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 30, Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark;4. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University Institute of Research in Police Sciences (IUICP), University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.6, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;1. Department of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 130 Dong’an Road, Shanghai 200032, China;2. Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, 1347 West Guangfu Road, Shanghai 200063, China
Abstract:The use of spectral analysis methods to determine the age of writing inks is an important forensic task. However, the use of spectral data for this purpose has a number of limitations and difficulties. This paper considers the application of the Raman spectroscopy method to an urgent forensic task. The known mechanisms of dye degradation are analyzed; Raman bands are identified that are related to the age of the sample. In a sample of 5 randomly selected writing inks, temporary markers were identified. Narrow sections of Raman spectra containing characteristic lines were used for analysis. It was shown that processing narrow sections of the Raman spectra using the PCA chemometric method allowed the separation of writing inks into groups (clusters) corresponding to different creation intervals.
Keywords:Writing inks  Raman spectroscopy  Principal component analysis (PCA)  Forensic examination of documents  Ballpoint pen inks  Document dating
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