On the spectroscopic cum chemometric approach for differentiation and classification of inkjet,laser and photocopier printed documents |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil;2. National Institute of Criminalistics, Brazilian Federal Police, Distrito Federal, Brazil;3. Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil;1. School of Forensic Science, People’s Public Security University of China, Beijing, China;2. Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, 100038, China;1. Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Radlinskeho 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovak Republic;2. Leopold-Franzens University, Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, CCB — Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;1. Department of Chemistry – “Sapienza” University of Rome, Italy;2. Section of Legal Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Italy;1. Department of Forensic Science, Sam Houston State University, Chemistry and Forensic Science Bldg, 1003 Bowers Blvd., PO Box 2525, Huntsville, TX 77340-2525, United States;2. Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand |
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| Abstract: | The potential of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometric methods is explored for the rapid and no-destructive forensic investigation of inkjet, laser and photocopier printed documents. The aim of the present study is to ascertain the source of origin of unknown printed documents, i.e., whether it belongs to the laser or inkjet or photocopier devices and also to visualize the intra-variations present in the same types of printed documents. It is observed that these printing inks contain polystyrene, bisphenol A, methyl acrylate and aromatic ethers as the main chemical constituents. The standard normal variate normalization is performed in order to eliminate the differences caused by the amount of toner powder/inks. The discrimination among printed documents is achieved by using chemometric methods including hierarchal cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Further, linear discriminant analysis is used to classify the unknown printed documents into its respective class of printing devices. The present methodology provides robust, non-destructive, reproducible, and simultaneous identification methods for printed documents. |
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| Keywords: | Inkjet Laser printed Photocopier ATR-FTIR Principal component analysis Linear discriminant analysis |
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