当代伊斯兰国家诉讼法律制度的特征

伊斯兰诉讼法律制度是伊斯兰法系的重要组成部分 ,由于受特殊历史条件的影响 ,众多伊斯兰国家既保留了长期以来形成的以《古兰经》、《圣训》等宗教法为根本的诉讼模式 ,又借鉴和移植了原宗主国的诉讼法模式 ,不仅包括大陆法系诉讼模式和普通法系诉讼模式 ,同时还吸收了一些社会主义国家的诉讼法的原则和制度 ,如调解制度 ,于是当代伊斯兰国家诉讼模式呈现多元化特色。尽管伊斯兰各国民族独立以后 ,相继制定了各自的诉讼法典 ,组建了各自的司法机构 ,但无论格式体例还是具体内容或司法实践大多与原宗主国的诉讼法制关系密切 ,诉讼立法西方化明显。诚然 ,民族的自尊心 ,源远流长的伊斯兰教法律文化传统以及相对落后的社会生产力 ,决定了其诉讼制度的运作大多带有浓厚的本土化风格。这样 ,随着 2 1世纪世界变革的冲击波 ,已使堡垒最为坚固的伊斯兰法迈向自我改革的里程 ,多元化、西方化、本土化与复兴伊斯兰诉讼法的趋向构成当代伊斯兰诉讼法律制度发展的主流。在改革中 ,大多数伊斯兰国家选择的是折衷主义 :使现实的伊斯兰法既不与西方世俗法体系完全挂钩 ,也不与传统的宗教制度彻底决裂 ,而是跟随物质文明发展与维护信仰不变方面达成了妥协和统一

Features of Islamic Legal System for Procedures in Current Islamic Countries

As one of the most important parts in Islamic legal system, Islamic legal system for procedures, in which most of Islamic countries has been constantly keeping the Koran and the Decree alike as the fundamental procedural modes, transplanting original modes in proceeding laws since influenced by their respective specific histories, includes the modes of both Continent Legal System and Common Legal System, absorbing some rules and regulations such as interceding originating from socialist countries, accordingly having various basics. Procedural legislation tend to be western obviously, touching closely with the procedural systems of former occupiers in form or content or judicial practices, though current Islamic countries have been making respective procedural laws and establishing respective judicial mechanism after independence. As it is, national proper pride, of long standing Islamic legal cultures and relatively backward social productivities decided nativism in operating the procedural system. Therefore, with the rapid transformation as a bow wave over the world in 21st century, the Islamic laws thought of as firmest have been self-innovated. Various basics, westernizations and nativism as well as the tendencies to reconstruction have been prevailing the features of developments in Islamic legal system for procedures. In the course of reformation, most of Islamic countries take up eclecticism that current Islamic laws neither link up with western legal systems completely nor break from traditional religion systems thoroughly, but compromising and consolidating with the development of material civilization and with the immovability of preserving believes.