第三方立法评估制度化的科学性和路径建构

地方立法评估制度呈现评估主体交错的现象,即部分制度确立立法机关作为评估主体,谓之自评估;部分制度规定委托第三方评估主体,谓之委托式第三方评估。自评估制度缺乏中立性和监督机制,委托式第三方评估基于委托关系恐存单方制约之罅隙。现有制度的种种内生不足都为第三方立法评估制度的生成提供致诱性条件。制度变迁理论为第三方立法评估制度替代自评估制度提供理论依据,解释了第三方立法评估制度的生成、变迁动力以及变迁结果等现象。相较于利益关联的第一方和第二方评估,第三方评估的优势在于主体的独立性更有助于真实地反馈评估结果。以评估权为建构基础,第三方立法评估制度可以遵循委托式第三方评估、法定第三方评估和独立第三方评估三条立法路径。在制度兼容的情况下,立法机关可以采用综合路径,以释放第三方立法评估制度的最大化效用。

The Science and Path Construction of the Legislation of Third-party Legislative Institution

There is a phenomenon that legislative subject co-exist in local legislation,that is,some empower legislature as evaluation subject that is so-called self-evaluation;some authorize the third-party that is called third-party evaluation.Self-evaluation laws lack independence and supervision mechanism,while authorized third-party evaluation is possibly restricted due to authorization.Those kinds of disadvantages embedded in the above institutions induce the birth of the third-party legislative evaluation law,which replaces self-evaluation law based on institution change theory with explanation of its birth,change motivation and result.Comparing the first-party and second-party evaluation,the merits of thirdparty evaluation is that the independence of subject is beneficial to revealing the real evaluation result.Grounded on the evaluation power,legislation of third-party legislative evaluation law has three choices,namely authorized evaluation,statutory evaluation and independent evaluation.With the compatible choices,legislature can adopt diverse paths either independently or integratedly for motivating the utilization of third-party legislative evaluation law.