论宪法原则

本文从宪法逻辑学的角度出发来研究宪法原则。涉及了宪法原则的三个法理特征,即宪法原则的正当性、确定性和有效性。作者认为,宪法原则是一个典型的价值问题,而非事实问题,因此,解释以价值形态存在的宪法原则首先要回答的问题应当是“宪法原则应该是什么”,而不是“宪法原则是什么”。作者主张,宪法原则应该是“决定‘形式宪法’形式和内容的基本价值准则”,宪法原则的功能在于“反对特权现象”,宪法原则源于立宪主义的实践和对宪法功能与普通法律功能的区分。宪法制度必须以“反对特权”为目的来设计相应的手段性措施。这是宪法制度构造的逻辑起点。由此可以产生“目的性宪法原则”与“手段性宪法原则”两类互为因果的宪法原则体系。

On the Constitutional Principles

Based on the standpoint of constitutional logcal science, this essay refers to three characteristics of jurisprudence concerning constitutional principle: legitimacy, certainty and effectiveness. From the viewpoint of author, constitutional principle is a typical issue of value, but not an issue of fact. The first question which should be answered iswhat constitutional principle ought to be, but not to be when interpreting constitutional principle which ex- ists by virtue of form of value. Author asserts that constitutional principle should be the rule of basic values, which control the form and content of Form Constitution. The function of constitutional principle is concentrated on opposing "phenomenon of privilege". Constitutional principle derives from constitutionalism practice and differnce of func- tion between constitution and ordinary laws. Constitutional systems must be used to design the corresponding mea- sures as a tool in order to oppose privilege. This is a logical standpoint for constructing constitutional system. Due to the above reasons, constitutional principles can lead to two parts, ie., constitutional principles for purpose and for tool which are determined each other in form of cause and result.