英美法国家科学证据的历史沿革评述

从18世纪到20世纪,英美法国家有关科学证据的法庭运用,所表明的基本思想是,将科学证据评价的事实问题,通过三种方法转化为法律问题,以此保证法官在科学证据评价中承担更多的审查义务,以减少陪审团在科学证据判断上出错的可能性。这三种法律转化方法分别是,专家资格审查、专家证言的形式审查、专家证言的实质审查。这在20世纪的美国审判中,表现得更为突出。

Tracing the History of Scientific Evidence in Anglo-American Legal System

There were three legal evaluating methods of scientific evidence prevalently in countries of Anglo-American legal system from 18th century to 20th century,which relate to the examination of expert qualificaton,the form examination of expert witness and the substantial examination of expert witness.The basic concept of these methods focuses on the judge's duty of doorkeeper in order to cut down the error rate of evaluating by jury,which is obvious in the practice of America in the 20th century.