建构非对称竞争优势的尝试:俄罗斯人工智能治理体系的结构与逻辑解析

俄罗斯人工智能治理体系的外在形态是“一体两翼”式的政策网络,以《2030年前俄罗斯联邦国家人工智能发展战略》作为基本战略构想,以数字经济框架内的人工智能“路线图”和人工智能联邦项目建构发展议程,以《2024年前俄罗斯人工智能和机器人技术领域监管发展构想》为核心确立监管议程。而俄罗斯人工智能治理体系的实体结构则表现为在联邦政府统一领导下的二元平行系统运作模式,由国防部担任操盘手的军事人工智能板块已经建立了完整的闭环系统,而以俄罗斯联邦储蓄银行为主要操盘手的民用人工智能板块的运行机制仍有待进一步完善。特殊的治理体系源于俄罗斯人工智能战略的底层逻辑,是俄罗斯政府面对战略目标与现实困境巨大鸿沟所做出的现实抉择,这种剑走偏锋的设计虽然取得了部分短期成果,但并未实际解决制约俄罗斯人工智能发展的关键问题,能否走出一条人工智能发展的“俄罗斯道路”仍有待观察。

An Attempt to Construct Asymmetric Competitive Advantage:Analysis on the Structure and Logical Analysis of Russia's Artificial Intelligence Governance System

In the global map of artificial intelligence,Russia is a very special country with an idiosyncratic governance system.The Russian artificial intelligence governance system reflects a policy network of"one body and two wings".The governance system establishes the basic strategic concept based on the"Russia's National Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence until 2030",constructs the development agenda with the artificial intelligence"roadmap"and artificial intelligence federal projects within the framework of the digital economy,and establishes core regulatory agenda with the"Concept for the Development of Regulation of Relations in AI Technologies and Robotics until 2024".The physical structure of the Russian artificial intelligence governance system adopts a dual-parallel system operation mode under the unified leadership of the federal government.The military artificial intelligence sector which is dominated by the Ministry of Defense has established a complete closed-loop system,while the operating mechanism of the civilian artificial intelligence sector managed by the Sberbank still needs to be further improved.The special governance system stems from the underlying logic of Russia's artificial intelligence strategy,and is a realistic choice made by the Russian government in the face of the huge gap between strategic goals and practical difficulties.Although this special design has achieved some short-term results,it has not actually solved the key problems restricting the development of artificial intelligence in Russia.It remains to be seen whether a"Russian path"for artificial intelligence development can be found.