古巴的社会保障制度:发展、挑战与改革

古巴社会保障制度经历了不断发展、充实、扩大和完善的历程.由国家主导的社保制度有许多独特性,制度统一,保障全面,作用特殊,以充分就业为基石.社会保障是古巴社会主义制度的重要组成部分,具有维护政治和社会稳定的作用.在新的历史条件下,古巴社保制度面临许多困难,国家已没有能力继续大包大揽.2008年12月古巴全国人大通过新社会保障法,对社保制度进行改革,建立劳动者缴费的制度,完善社会救助体系.古巴传统的社保模式将发生变化,但社保制度统一,以及全民保障和全面保障的特征没有改变.

The Social Security System in Cuba

The social security system is an essential part of Cuba's socialist institutions,playing a key role in maintaining social and political stabilities.In recent years,newly emerged challenges pressed Cuba to launch a social security reform.In December 2008,the national congress approved a new Social Security Law which rejuvenates the legal framework and adopts individual contribution.Although the system is in transition,it remains comprehensive and guarantees all people under protection.