农村留守儿童犯罪的成因及解决途径——基于山东省农村留守儿童犯罪问题调查之数据

农村留守儿童现象,是我国农民工问题的＂副产品＂。经济发展的不平衡性和社会转型过程中的政策断层持续拉大了城乡差距,使农民工难以摆脱弱势群体的地位,加之城乡分割的义务教育二元体制,致使大量的农村儿童不得不与他们的父母分离,父母对孩子成长的重要影响基本上失去了本原性意义,使得农村儿童的教育与成长处于真空之中。在父母法定监护责任缺失,我国尚未建立起国家监护、委托监护以及学校监护等制度的情势下,一些留守儿童因缺乏正确引导而染上不良恶习,进而走上犯罪道路,严重影响到农村社会稳定。因此,要减少农村留守儿童犯罪,必须彻底改革我国现行的户籍制度,拆除依附在该制度之上的诸如就业、医疗、住房、教育等方面的制度壁垒,引导农村富余劳动力在城乡间的有序流动;重构我国的未成年人监护制度,建立起以学校监护为中心的国家监护、法定监护、社区监护等新型监护体系,以填补家庭教育的＂缺位＂,为农村留守儿童的健康成长创建一个良好的生态环境,确保农村社会治安稳定与和谐发展。

The Causes and Measures of Crimes Committed by Left-behind Children in the Rural Areas

The existence of left-behind children is one of the by-products of the problem of migrant workers.The imbalance of economic development and policy gap during social transformation greatly widens the urban-rural gap.Migrant workers can not change their status of vulnerable group.The division of the urban and the rural brings about the binary systems of compulsory education. As a result,many children have to be separated from their parents.Parents＇ important influence on the growing up of their children has been deprived and the education of left-behind children becomes unattended.Without the guardianship of their parents,left-behind children easily get into bad habits and even commit crimes,which greatly affect social stability in the rural area.Therefore,current household registration system should be reformed and the institutional barriers based on household registration system should be removed to facilitate the orderly flow of surplus labor force from the rural into the urban area.A new guardianship system of the minors which centers on school guardianship and contains state guardianship,legal guardianship and community guardianship should be built to fill the vacancy of family education.By doing so,we can create a good environment for the healthy growing up of left-behind children in the rural area and guarantee the social stability and harmonious development of the rural area.