第三次分配:理论、实践与政策建议

随着中国经济社会发展进入新时代,以公益慈善、志愿服务、共享经济等为代表的各种新经济社会形态蓬勃发展,在理论、政策和制度层面提出了许多新问题,亟待研究解决。中共十九届四中全会在坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、全面部署国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的总体战略中,特别提出要"重视发挥第三次分配作用,发展慈善等社会公益事业"。本文在对第三次分配的理论发展和主要观点进行综述和厘清的基础上,结合近十年来实践领域的新发展和新需求拓展了对第三次分配的理解,将其界定为丰裕社会的财富流向如何适应个体精神追求并达成人民美好生活的命题;随后在与初次分配和再分配相比较的基础上分析了第三次分配的特征,并就第三次分配的研究和政策发展提出相应的建议。

The Third Distribution: Theory,Practice and Policy Suggestions

As China’s economic and social development has entered a new era,various new economic and social forms such as philanthropy,voluntary groups,sharing economy are emerging or flourishing,with new problems to be addressed at theoretical,policy and system levels.At the fourth plenary session of the 19 th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China,"Attaching importance to the role of The Third Distribution(TTD)"was raised in the overall strategy of improving the socialist system with Chinese characteristics and modernization of national governance system and capacity.Based on an overview of new theoretical developments,this paper expands the understanding and scope of TTD by incorporating new practices and new demands,and redefines it as how to redistribute wealth in an affluent society by the principle of both respecting individuals and giving a better life for all the people.The characteristics of TTD are analyzed in a comparative way with the primary distribution and redistribution.Suggestions are given on the policy development of TTD.