试论履行障碍风险分配规则——兼评我国《合同法》上的客观责任体系

过错责任体系与客观责任体系,在法律适用上,根据一个完整的客观责任体系或者一个完整的过错责任体系进行涵射,其结果几乎是相同的。为适应现代标准化商品交易观念,《合同法》继受客观责任的做法值得肯定,但在若干履行障碍风险分配理论根据与规则上,尚有修改之余地。我们应在实质上继受"担保允诺学说",在形式上奉行客观责任与"不履行"制度,通过扩大免责事由范围,合理分配履行障碍风险。

On the Enforcement Risk Distribution Rule

This article explores the systems of the fault responsibility and the objective responsibility from the aspect of performance obstacles.A conclusion is then drawn that it has the same result no matter which responsibility system,either the complete fault or objective responsibility system,is actually applied.To adapt to the mordern option of standardized goods transaction,Contract Law of P.R.China has adopted the objective responsibility,which deserves,in the opion of the authors,our positively assessment.Anyway,some basis and rules for the non-performance risk allocation still need to be modified.The Chinese law system should substantively accept the garanty promise doctrine,pursue the objective responsibility system and the non-performance system,and rationaly allocate the risk of performance obstacles through enlarging the scope of exemption clauses.