贸易与环境关系的理论及实证分析

从理论上看,贸易自由化与环境保护的关系主要表现为两种价值观的对立;在法律上,尤其是在国际法领域,贸易与环境的关系表现为规则的冲突。在以推动自由贸易为宗旨的世界贸易组织内,这种冲突通常体现为成员国采取限制贸易的环境措施而直接导致争端。分析WTO解决这些争端的实践,可以发现,现行多边贸易体制对处理环境与贸易冲突的争端有了新的发展,主要体现在WTO争端解决机构对GATT1994第20条导言、第20条b款和g款的应用和解释。

The Analysis of Trade-Environment Nexus Based on the Theoretical Ideas and the WTO Jurisprudence

Theoretically, the interrelationship between trade and the environment reflects the conflict of two broad approaches, eco-centrism and anthropocentrism. But in the field of law, this interrelationship embodies the conflict of rules. Trade-related environmental measures might lead to disputes between WTO members. The practice of the WTO settlement over these disputes shows the possibility of reconciling trade and environment in the WTO. This new trend can be demonstrated in the WTO dispute settlement body's interpretation and application of GATT1994 Article XX(b), (g) and the chapeau of Article XX.