论美国的搜查制度

在美国 ,搜查和扣押是警察收集证据的主要途径 ,它必须遵循严格的搜查程序 ,并受搜查范围的限制。只有合法的搜查和扣押所获取的材料 ,才能在法庭上作为证据使用。搜查和扣押是警察等政府官员检查某人或者某地 ,以便获得和没收犯罪证据的行为。美国宪法修正案第四条规定 ,政府应该保证其搜查和扣押的合理性。而保护免受不合理搜查和扣押的主要机制是许可证程序 ,证据排除规则等 ,为实现美国的宪法精神提供了保障。美国刑事诉讼中有关搜查的法律规定可为我国搜查制度的改革提供参考

On American Search System

In the USA, search and seizure are the main approaches for police to collect evidence, and they must follow strict search procedures and be restricted by search scope. Only the material acquired by legal search and seizure can be used as the proof in courts. Search and seizure are the behaviors for police officers and officials to acquire and confiscate criminal proof by checking someone or someplace. The fourth provision of the American constitution amendment stipulates that the reasonability of its search and detention be guaranteed by government. And the main mechanism, immune to irrational ransack and seizure, involves license procedure, exclusive-evidence rule, and etc., which ensure the realization of the thrust of American constitution. The legal provisions concerned with rummage in American suits can offer references for our country's search system.