论我国行政法上的成本收益分析原则:理论证成与适用展开

成本收益分析原则以解决实际问题为目的的实用主义哲学为功能定位,以定量分析与定性分析相结合为科学的方法论,以事实与规范问题相分离为程序结构特点,其引入能够缓解我国行政法既有基本原则之间的内在张力,并与比例原则形成交相辉映的功效。成本收益分析原则具有针对事实认定的科学化过程、针对价值判断的民主化过程和替代性方案形成过程的三步法的逻辑结构,其核心技术在于运用统一尺度权衡待审查的法律规则或政策举措可能导致的各类有利和不利后果,在此基础上比较待审查举措与其他可能的替代性举措,最终判断何者更有助于促进社会福利的最优。运用成本收益分析原则对重大行政决策法治化和行政复议双被告制度的利弊分析显示,这一原则具有极强的现实解释力,能够作为我国行政法的基本原则获得更为广泛的适用。

On the Cost-Benefit Analysis Principle of Administrative Law in China: Theoretical Justification and Applicable Development

The principle of cost-benefit analysis is based on the pragmatic philosophy aiming at solving practical problems as its practical orientation, the scientific nature of the combination of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis as its methodology, and the separation of facts from normative problems as procedural structure characteristics. Its introduction can relieve the inherent tension between the basic principles of China’s administrative law, and form a synergistic effect with the principle of proportionality. The principle of cost-benefit analysis has the logical structure of the scientific process of fact-finding, the democratization process of value judgment and the three-step process of alternative program formation. The core technology is to use the unified scale to weigh the various favorable and unfavorable consequences that may be caused by legal rules or policy measures to be reviewed. On the basis of this, we compare the pending review and other possible alternatives and ultimately determine which one is more conducive to the optimal social welfare. Using the principle of cost-benefit analysis to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the legalization of major administrative decision-making and the double-accused system of administrative reconsideration shows that this principle has a strong practical explanatory power and can be more widely applied as the basic principle of administrative law in China.