作为化解行政争议主渠道的行政复议:功能反思及路径优化

新时代行政复议的功能定位应有新的认识。片面的功能定位不足以反映全面依法治国背景下行政复议在助推法治政府建设、实现行政救济、培育法治社会方面所具有的不可替代的重要作用。行政复议化解行政争议的天然优势、我国行政争议的特殊性以及域外国家和地区的经验都决定了行政复议应当成为新时代化解行政争议的主渠道。然而,行政复议的央地改革未能实现同频共振、行政复议质效评价体系科学性差、双被告制度引发复议和诉讼之间出现内耗和空转、法治未能及时为改革保驾护航等因素影响并制约了我国行政复议的良性发展。尊重行政复议行政司法属性的规律和特点,充分弥补行政复议的天然劣势,通过充分的制度供给以实现行政复议公正高效、便民为民的天然优势为宗旨,并以有效处理好行政复议和行政诉讼的差异化发展为目标,进行修法,这既是实现行政复议成为化解行政争议主渠道的必由之路,亦是助力于行政复议良法善治的应然之需。

The Administrative Review as the Main Channel for Resolving Administrative Disputes: Functional Reflection and Path Optimization

We should have a new understanding of the function of administrative review in the new era. The one-sided function is not enough to reflect the irreplaceable role of administrative review in helping construct the law-based government, realizing administrative remedies and cultivating the law-based society. The natural advantages of administrative review in resolving administrative disputes, the particularity of administrative disputes in China and the experiences of foreign countries and regions all determine that administrative review should be the main channel to resolve administrative disputes in the new era. However, the central-local reforms failed to achieve the same frequency resonance, the scientific quality and efficiency evaluation system was poor, the internal friction and idling between the review and litigation caused by the double-defendant system, and the failure of the rule of law to guarantee the reform in time and other factors affected and restricted the sound development of administrative review. We should respect the administration-justice characteristics, make up for the natural disadvantage, take the realization of the natural advantages which are fair and efficient and convenient for the people as the purpose through adequate system supply and take the effective handing of the differential development of administrative review and administrative litigation as the goal to carry out law revision. This is not only the way to realize administrative review as the main channel for resolving administrative disputes, but also the necessary need to get good law and good governance of administrative review.