基于语料库的美国对华人权政策批判性话语分析

美国每年都会发布世界各国人权报告,以“人权卫士”自居,对他国人权状况说三道四,其中对中国人权的指责和干涉尤为严重。对此,以美国政府1997~2018年发布的22篇美国对华人权报告为语料对象,运用AntConc语言分析工具对报告语料库中的词单、关键词、关键性搭配词以及词丛进行长轴距对比分析。研究发现,四届政府对华人权报告是一套逻辑严谨、框架完整、战略清晰、目标明确的战略工具,美国对华人权政策的内在逻辑和战略意图可概括为“三位一体”(框架-战略-目标),即在“人权对象-人权内容-评判标准-人权状况-评判依据-人权诉求”的基本框架下,循序渐进地推进“人权政策主权化”战略,最终实现所谓西方自由世界民主价值和资本主义“普世化”目标。

A Corpus-based Critical Discourse Analysis of U.S.Human Rights Policy toward China

Every year,the United States releases human rights reports of all countries in the world,posing itself as a“human rights defender”and making remarks on the human rights situation of other countries,especially China.In this regard,this paper takes 22 US reports on Chinese rights issued by the US government from 1997 to 2018 as corpus objects,and uses AntConc language analysis tool to make a long-axis comparative analysis of WordList,Keyword List,and CollocatesandClusters in the US human rights report corpus toward China.The study finds that the four administrations’report on human rights in China is a set of logically rigorous,complete,and clear strategy and targeted strategic tools,and that the inherent logic and strategic intent of the U.S.human rights policy towards China can be summed up as the“Trinity”(Framework-Strategy-Objective),that is,human rights objects,human rights content,Judging Criteria,human rights situation,judgment basis,human rights claims.Under the basic framework,the strategy of“human rights policy sovereignty”will be promoted step by step,and finally achieve the western free world democratic values and capitalism“universal”goal.