中国自然与人文遗迹保护立法的现状、反思与完善路径

自然与人文遗迹保护是我国生态文明建设的重要组成部分。"自然与人文遗迹"与"自然与文化遗产"、"文物"以及"自然与文化景观"等在内涵与外延上有所不同。我国现行环境法、文物与遗产保护法体系中的相关规范虽然数量庞大,但在体系化、调整范围、保护理念与功能定位、内容的完备性与可操作性以及时效性等方面存在不足之处。正在制定中的《国家公园法》对于调整和规范自然与人文遗迹保护有积极意义,但存在诸多客观局限。建议我国将来除完善现行立法外,整合自然与人文遗迹保护的基本价值理念,适时出台专门性立法,明确将保护优先、科学保护、预防原则、公众参与作为基本原则,并规定调查登记和监测、经营与收益权分配以及责任追究等制度。

Current Situation,Introspection and Improvement Path of Legislation on Protection of Natural and Humanistic Relics in China

Protecting natural and cultural relics is an integral part of the construction of ecological civilization in China.The concept of“natural and cultural relics”is different from that of“natural and cultural heritage”,“cultural relics”or“natural and cultural Landscap”.Although there are a large number of relevant articles in China’s current environmental law system,cultural relics and heritage protection law system,there are some deficiencies in the system,scope of adjustment,concept and function of protection,lack of completeness and operability of content and timeliness.The National Park Law(being drafted)will have many positive meanings and many objective limitations on regulating the protection of natural and cultural relics.It is suggested that in addition to improving the current legislation,China should integrate the basic values of natural and cultural relics protection in future,enact special legislation in time,clearly take priority protection,scientific protection,prevention principle and public participation as the basic guidelines,and stipulate the systems of investigation,registration and monitoring,distribution of operation and income rights and accountability.