司法与科技

对法律与科技之间关系的探讨,是部门法学和理论法学共同关注的一个问题,或许也是一个永恒性的问题,因为科技的发展是无止境的,法律当然也要与时俱进,故立法、司法和执法会不断面临新的科技挑战,回应新的科技问题,解决新的科技障碍。法律之于科技进步的正面功能,主要包括法律确认科技发展在国家社会生活中的地位、通过法律手段确定国家的科技发展战略、运用法律手段组织、协调和管理科技活动等方面。可以说,没有法律的保障,科技创新会寸步难行;没有法律的促进,科技发展将徒有虚名。科技进步与科技创新同样需要司法的保驾护航。这里的"司法"是广义的,既包括"国家司法"——国家司法机关依据国家制定法所进行的化解纠纷的活动,也包括"准司法"——社会组织、行政机构、仲裁机构或个人依据国家法律、科技政策、社会规则或行业规则所进行的化解纠纷的活动,包括协商、调解、仲裁等等。没有上述"司法"手段的广泛运用,就不可能有效化解科技纠纷,从而维护科技秩序的和谐。

Justice and Technology

The discussion of the relationship between law and science and technology is a common concern of department law and theoretical law,and perhaps an eternal problem.Because the development of science and technology is endless,the law must keep pace with the times,so legislation,justice and law enforcement will not face new challenges in science and technology,respond to new problems in science and technology,and solve new obstacles in science and technology.The positive function of law in the progress of science and technology mainly includes confirming the position of science and technology development in the national social life by law,determining the national strategy of science and technology development by legal means,organizing,coordinating and managing science and technology activities by legal means,etc.It can be said that without the protection of law,scientific and technological innovation will be impossible;without the promotion of law,scientific and technological development will be in vain.Scientific and technological progress and innovation also need the protection of justice.The"judicature"here is broad,including not only"national judicature"—the activities of resolving disputes conducted by national judicial organs in accordance with the laws formulated by the state,but also"quasi judicature"—the activities of resolving disputes conducted by social organizations,administrative institutions,arbitration institutions or individuals in accordance with national laws,science and technology policies,social rules or industry rules,including consultation,mediation Arbitration,etc.Without the extensive use of the above-mentioned"judicial"means,it is impossible to effectively resolve scientific and technological disputes,so as to maintain the harmony of scientific and technological order.