银行卡盗刷责任分配规则之重塑

现有司法解释为处理银行卡盗刷责任分配,凝聚了共识,提供了解释的文本基础,但仍有调整之余地。在调整范围上,真卡盗刷与伪卡盗刷不应被区分,应统一纳入《电子商务法》第57条第2款的非授权支付责任分配结构内。收单机构、特约商户不应直接对持卡人承担盗刷的赔偿责任。支付机构只应承担约定的“先行赔付”责任,不得承担相应的法定责任。在涉及网络支付功能时,持卡人的授权支付,必须结合格式条款订入的规则加以确定。通过法律续造,电信运营商的责任可获补足,收单行与从事收单业务的支付机构应同等视之。司法解释确立的法定追偿权主要功能在于补足约定追偿权,以及在收单行与发卡行分离时,确立发卡行对特约商户的追偿权。

Reshaping the Distribution Rules of Bank Card Fraud Liability

The existing judicial interpretations have gathered consensus and provided a textual basis for the interpretation to deal with the distribution of responsibilities for bank card fraud,but there is still room for adjustment.In terms of the scope of adjustment,the stolen use of real cards and the use of counterfeit cards should not be distinguished,and they should be included in the unauthorized payment liability distribution structure of Article 57,Paragraph 2 of the E-Commerce Law.Acquiring institutions and special merchants should not directly bear the liability for compensation for card fraud.The payment institution shall only bear the agreed“advance payment”liability,and shall not bear the corresponding statutory liability.When it comes to online payment functions,the cardholder's authorization to pay must be determined in conjunction with the rules established in the format clauses.Through legal renewal,the responsibilities of telecom operators can be supplemented,and acquiring banks and payment institutions engaged in acquiring business should treat them equally.The main function of the statutory right of recovery established by the judicial interpretation is to complement the agreed right of recovery and to establish the right of recovery of the card issuing bank against the designated merchants when the acquiring bank is separated from the card issuing bank.