核武器与冷战时期美国对苏联的政策

冷战时期,作为维护国家安全的重要工具,核武器在美国对苏联的政策中发挥了重要作用。美国政府不仅在战后初期坚持核保密政策,而且还多次利用核武器对苏联施加压力,以迫使其在政治上和外交上做出让步,并制定了一系列针对苏联的核作战计划。与此同时,为了保持对苏联的核优势地位,对苏联构成有效的威慑,美国政府不断加强核力量的建设,使得美苏之间的核军备竞赛愈演愈烈,并使双方走到了核战争的边缘,从而使得美苏决策者都认识到,限制核军备竞赛对双方至关重要,美苏关系也由此进入了相对缓和的时期。及至20世纪70年代,限制战略武器谈判成为美国对苏政策的重要内容。

Nuclear Weapons and U.S.Policy toward the Soviet Union during the Cold War

As an essential tool to maintain national security during the Cold War,nuclear weapons played a crucial role in the U.S.policy toward the Soviet Union.The U.S.government insisted on a nuclear secrecy policy in the early postwar period.It used atomic weapons to exert pressure on the Soviet Union,forcing it to make political and diplomatic concessions.At the same time,in order to maintain its dominant nuclear position and effective deterrence against the Soviet Union,the U.S.government constantly strengthened the construction of nuclear forces,which intensified the nuclear arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union and brought the two parties to the brink of a nuclear war.As a result,policymakers on both sides realized that nuclear arms control was of great necessity.The relations between the United States and the Soviet Union entered into a new era in the 1970 s and the strategic arms limitation talks became a vital part of the U.S.policy toward the Soviet Union.