Fugitives in the United States |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (Pty) Ltd., PO Box 12271, Centurion 0046, South Africa;2. Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;1. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, United States;2. The Pennsylvania State University, United States;1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China;2. Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan;1. Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina CH-2, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia;2. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia;1. Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy;2. The Protein Factory, Politecnico di Milano, ICRM CNR Milano, and Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy;3. Laboratory of Biotechnology, Lamberti S.p.A., via Piave 18, 21041 Albizzate (VA) Italy;4. ICRM, CNR, Via Mario Bianco, Milano, Italy;5. Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese (VA) Italy |
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| Abstract: | Little is known, empirically, about fugitives in the U.S. There is no research describing basic facts such as the prevalence of warrants or how features of warrants vary across geography or demographics of fugitives.PurposeTo (A) describe the prevalence of warrants in the U.S., including variation in warrant features across geography as well as demographics of fugitives (age, race, and gender). In addition, the paper (B) models a key feature of warrants (extradition limits) as a function of legal and extra-legal factors.MethodsThis study draws on the Wanted Persons file—the central operational database maintained by the National Criminal Information Center (NCIC) for tracking warrants from all jurisdictions in the United States. Warrant factors are described across demographic groups via bivariate comparisons. Extradition is modeled via a multivariate fixed effects logistic regression framework (i.e., within state comparisons)ResultsThe data show approximately 2 million warrants are active on any given day. Warrant features vary significantly across states (per capita), and fugitive demographics. Extradition varies as a function of legal (e.g., crime seriousness) and extra-legal factors (e.g., race of fugitive).ConclusionsWarrants may provide an important new avenue for scholarship on disparity, criminal carreers, and the administration of justice. |
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