公共治理视域下自动化应用的法律规制

技术飞跃与治理提升之间的关联通常被假定，也早已被吸纳进“数字中国”“智慧社会”等政策实践，但法律的习惯性滞后带来了监管套利的空间。公共治理领域的自动化应用经历了从基于数据库编码的计算机自动化到基于机器学习的算法自动化再到基于神经网络的超级自动化的逐步跃迁，从早先自下而上专业人士的“辅助/参考”和个别部门的“部署/应用”嬗变为自上而下的社会化“嵌入/集成”,公权力、私权力及私权利的关系发生了结构性转换。相应地，国际通行、日益趋同的个人隐私保护(事前同意)、算法可解释性(事中监测)和完整履责链条(事后追责)的监管范式也应依照宏观技术共治、中观价值位阶和微观权利保障三位一体的规制路径进行体系化重构。

Automated Decision Regulation in Public Governance

The link between technological leaps and governance improvements is commonly acknowledged and assumed by the general public,and it has long been captured in the current digital China policy and intelligent society practice,yet the perennial lack of applicable rules has created abundant room for regulatory arbitrage.In a worldwide sense,automated applications in public administration have gradually shifted from the data-encoding-based computational automation to machine-learning-based algorithmic automation and then to neural-network-based super automation,and previous bottom-up occasional auxiliary/reference and partial deployment/application had given way to top-down social embedded/integration,leading to a structural transformation in between the public authority,private power and personal rights.Accordingly,the internationally accepted regulatory paradigm of personal privacy protection(ex ant consent),algorithmic interpretability(interim monitoring)and full accountability chain(ex post accountability)should be systematically reconstructed in a trinity manner of macro-technical co-governance,meso value spectrum and micro right protection.