知识产权的制度风险与法律控制

在风险社会的语境中,知识产权法是一种制度文明,也是一种可能存在的制度风险。诸如文化风险、生态风险、基因技术风险、网络风险等,主要是知识产权制度的"内生性"风险。如何克服现行知识产权法律制度和法律秩序的先天性缺陷和潜在危机,提高风险意识,增强风险识别能力,寻求风险治理机制,是国际知识产权界共同面临的时代问题。知识产权制度风险的法律治理必须秉持价值理性与工具理性统一、权利观念与责任观念统一、法律控制与技术规制统一等理念,并通过传统知识保护、公共领域保留、开放存取及知识共享协议、知识创新奖励等制度的替代和补充,形成一个应对风险社会的观念体系和制度系统。这是应对知识产权制度风险的法律举措,也是实现知识产权制度价值目标的法律变革路径。

Intellectual Property in Risk Society: Institutional Risk and Legal Control

The study on risk society constitutes one of the most crucial theories of modern philosophy and social science.In the context of risk society,the intellectual property law can be regarded as an institutional civilization,or a possible institutional risk.Some risks,such as the cultural risk,the environmental risk,the genetic technology risk,the network risk and so on,are mainly the "endogenous risk" of the intellectual property institution.In the process of constructing the legal system and legal order of intellectual property,how to overcome the congenital defects and potential risks in the existing system,increase the risk awareness,enhance the capacity of identifying risks,and find a reasonable risk control mechanism are the contemporary problems confronted by the intellectual property academics all over the world. The legal governance of the risks of the intellectual property system should adhere to the ideas of harmonization in different aspects,such as value rationality and instrumental rationality,individual rights and individual liabilities,legal control and technical control,and so on.Except these above,in order to establish an ideological and institutional system to cope with risk society,mechanisms such as the protection of traditional knowledge,the reservation of public domain,open access and creative commons license,and the innovative award to new knowledge can be served as substitutive or supplementary approaches.This is an important legal method to respond to the risks of the intellectual property system and also an essential reforming path to achieve the value of the intellectual property law.