抗战时期国民政府救侨政策研究——以安徽宣城侨乐村为例

20世纪30年代初,日本、欧美等地被难华侨陆续回国,南京国民政府成立专门的救济失业华侨委员会,决定对归国失业华侨实行根本救济,选定安徽宣城水阳镇一带试办侨乐村:由政府提供荒地让归侨集中垦殖,并制定《侨乐村垦殖纲要》等文件。开办侨乐村、安排被难归国华侨不仅是救济失业归侨、解决他们生活问题的一种试验性的根本办法,而且被赋予在世界工商业形势不景气背景之下复兴中国农村的任务。侨乐村设计者陈树人希望宣城侨乐村试办成功后能作为一种模式在全国推广。由于国民政府一直采取重心向外的华侨政策,对于归国华侨的安置缺乏准备,也没有切合实际的系统举措等原因,侨乐村的建设并不成功。在国民政府迁都重庆后又酝酿成立归侨新村,建设地点变为城市近郊。侨乐村的试办是南京国民政府华侨政策的一次重要尝试,在华侨政策史上有一定影响。

Research on National Government Policy of Rescuing Overseas Chinese During the Anti-Japanese War—— take Qiaole Village,Xuan City of Anhui Province as an Example

At the beginning of 1930 s,th e national government of Kuomintang formed a special committee to salve the problem of returned overseas Chinese from Japan,U.S and Europe for the reason of economic crisis.It is believed a basic way to solve the serious returned overseas Chinese that to supply them with wasted land and help them to cultivate. Xuancheng of Anhui province was choosed to build a village for the returned Chinese and Chen Shuren was in charge of this commission.The model of Qiao Le Village was not only regarded as a way to help the returned overseas Chinese to settle down but also to renaissance China＇s country and agriculture.However,this model failed for many reasons particularly the outside-oriented policy concerned with overseas Chinese adopted by Nanjing government.As an effect of this model,another village located in the suburbs of big city was formed afterwards.To build a village in countryside to help returned overseas Chinese to try and supplement to the traditional policy of overseas.