日本“无缘死”研究中的共同体主义意识形态辨析

"无缘死"现象经日本NHK电视台传播以后迅速成为日本社会学界关注的热点,其相关研究在近五年来也层出不穷。日本学界将"无缘死"这一现象产生的原因归结于共同体解体,即包括家庭功能的衰退导致的家庭的解体、雇佣制度变革带来的大规模失业等,日本正迈向个体化时代。从这些研究结论不难看出,日本社会学界并未摆脱共同体主义意识形态预设,依然将共同体看作是稳固、静态、有凝聚力的集团,认为"无缘死"是日本家庭、村落、企业等共同体凝聚功能失效的后果。然而,这一意识形态预设不仅在理论上存在矛盾,也与日本社会的经验不相符。

Analysis on Communitarianism Ideology ofJapanese "Muenshi" Researches

Once "Muenshi" phenomenon was discovered and spread by Japanese TV Station NHK, it has become a hot topic of the society, and lots of researches on it have appeared in the last 5 years.Japan sociology academic attributes it to the disintegration of the community, namely the family disintegration due to the family function, much unemployment because of reformation of employment system.The Japanese society is going to be individualization.From their researches, we could give a conclusion that the academic has not got rid of the ideology of collectivism yet.There is still a tendency that community is a stable, static and cohesive group.However, the ideology not only has contradiction in the logic, but also conform to the Japanese experience.