论国际环境法渊源

国际环境法是国际法的一部分,其渊源与传统的国际法具有同一性,但也有其特殊性。国际环境条约具有五个特点:其制定的系统性(框架性)、发展和改变条约的程序方便性、可以在批准生效前临时适用、强调地球整体的观念和使NGO通过条约制度进入环境保护领域;在国际环境法中,有些习惯在很短的时间内被确认;一般法律原则对国际环境法的发展是有意义的,如善意原则、公平原则等;由于司法判例的一致性的要求、宣告性及决定国际环境法的存在和确定其内容,直接关系到争议各方的权益,是国际环境法重要的渊源之一;著名公法家学说,由于其主观性和可能的偏见,作为国际环境法的渊源,影响力比司法判例显然小多了;软法(没有法律拘束力的行为规则)在国际环境保护中扮演了基础性的作用,可以作为国际环境法的渊源之一。

Study on the Sources of International Environmental Law

International environmental law is a part of international law,its source is same as the traditional international law but with its special characteristic: Its treaties are made in system whilst the form of framework plus protocol and annex,and which are notone-off events but dynamic instmments which evolve all the time;can be provisional appliance before approving,emphasizing global integrity and permitting NGO participating via treaty machine.Its customary law has novel element:some new customary will be accepted in very short time;General principles of law,such as exaequo et bono plays an important role in international environmental law;Judicial decisions are of fundamental importance in crystallizing of international environmental law;writings of jarists have had a considerably lesser role in theinfluencing of the development of international environmental law;soft law is one of source of international environmental law and phenomena,which leave disagreement as to their legal character and their legal effects.