刑事证据能力的法定与裁量

法定和裁量是诉讼过程中确定某一证据是否具有证据能力的两个不可或缺的手段。刑事证据能力规范在内容上的复杂多样,使得一部成文法典无法将它们完全包含其中。而且刑事证据能力规范的自身特点决定了它无法实现严格意义上的法定化。在成文法中确立的证据能力规范,只有一小部分适宜采取确定性规则的形式,而更多的则不得不通过标准或原则的形式赋予法官一定程度的自由裁量权。证据能力规范是从司法过程中产生并逐步发展起来的规范,立法机关能起到的作用甚为有限。因此,在我国试图由立法机关制定一部完备的刑事证据法典的想法并不具有可行性。

The Legal Stipulation and Discretion of Criminal Evidential Capacity

Legislation and discretion are two indispensable methods to define whether or not a piece of evidence has the qualification during an ongoing litigation. The complexity and diversity that regulations on the qualification of criminal evidence irretrievably yield has disabled any statute of possibility to have a sound legislation correspondingly. Moreover, the intrinsic meaning of encoding criminal evidence qualification into law as well defines it comes to nowhere if legislation, in a normally legal sense, has been anticipated in this regard, In codification of evidence qualification, practically only a small portion can be embodied as rules, with vast majority left with judges approaching to standards or principles for discretion. Regulations on evidence qualification have evolved for a long time from constant judicial practices which negate any key role of legislation in this process. Therefore, current calling for a uniform codification of evidence law is doomed for nothing good and such efforts in china reasonably turn out as wishy - washy.