司法判决与其他案例中的法律推理方法研究──说理的艺术

法律推理是一种说理的艺术。法律推理的难题是在不可能讲理的情况 下讲理、与“不讲理的人”讲理;既要法官能动地审理案件,又要防止法官专横审理。法律 推理的目的是寻求以法律为根据的正当理由。演绎推理、归纳推理、辩证推理是法律推 理的基本方法;它们按照不同的思维路径与规则寻求推理结论,但都面临其自身无法解 决的问题。法律价值在解决这些问题中具有主导性、基础性的作用。法官的法律价值判 断行为非常重要,从人类学的角度看这是一种四维框架中的判断行为。规范说理的艺术 可以防止法官在法律推理中的任意、专断,其方法包括培养法律感觉、进行法律价值判断 的合理化作业,养成法律惯例和法律信念,完善法律推理的制度与规则保证等,最终,法 律推理应当以人为本。

A Study on the Legal Reasoning Methods in Judicial Decisions

legal reasoning is an art of argumentation. The difficulties of legal reasoning are either to reason where are as if no reasons or to argue with the persons who are not " reasonable", both to ask judges make judgements actively and to prevent them from doing so arbitrarily. The purpose of legal reasoning is to pursue justification hased on laws. Deductive reasoning.inductive reasoning .dialectic reasoning are the hasic methods of legal reasoning. They seek conclusions according to different approaches and rules while facing similar problems that they can not resolve within their own methods. Legal value plays primary and fundamental role in dealing with those problems. The value judgements of judges are important and they are judging acts with four dimensions from the viewpoint of anthropology. The ways to discipline the art of argumentation that prevent judges from arbitrariness and capriciousness include cultivating legal Intuitions, carrying on rational operation of legal value judgements, cultivating legal customs and beliefs of the law, improving the institutions and rules concerning on legal reasoning, etc. Finally, legal reasoning must be based on the people, for the people.