由因性达超性:明清之际的儒家“超越性”问题

当今学界关于儒家“超越性”的争论,因言说方式缺乏分层,故多有混淆。实际上,该话题肇始于明清之际,是耶儒双方围绕着“因性”与“超性”问题而展开的交流实践。重回明清之际,梳理阿奎那关于“超越”术语的几种用法,比较耶儒双方关于“超越性”的言说方式,可以发现儒家并非以神为中心进行自上而下的言说,而是从现实出发,对“超越性”问题进行自下而上的回溯。

From"the Natural"Towards"the Supernatural":The Confucian Issue on"Transcendence"in the Ming-Qing Transition Period

The current scholarship’s debate about the“transcendence”of Confucianism is often confused be?cause of the lack of methodization in the way of expression.In fact,this topic started in the Ming-Qing transi?tion period,and it was the communicative practice between Christianity and Confucianism around the issue on“the natural”and“the supernatural”.Tracing back to the the Ming-Qing transition period again,this article sorts out Aquinas’s usages of the term“transcendence”,and compares the Christian and Confucian way of ex?pression about“transcendence”.It can be found that Confucianism does not express a God-centered“transcen?dence”from top to bottom,but retrospects this issue from bottom to top by proceeding from the reality.