多类别养老保险对居民家庭消费影响的对比研究

在老龄化不断加深、居民消费率增长缓慢、消费需求日益多元化的背景下,研究不同类别养老保险对居民家庭消费水平和消费结构的影响日益重要。采用CGSS(2015)调查数据,使用倾向值匹配(PSM)回归模型,分析不同类别养老保险对居民家庭消费水平和消费结构的影响及内在机制,研究发现:参加基本养老保险和商业性养老保险均会显著增加居民家庭总消费、生存性消费和发展性消费,基本养老保险和商业性养老保险对发展性消费的增加效应均大于生存性消费;参加商业性养老保险对居民家庭总消费、生存性消费和发展性消费的增加效应大于基本养老保险;养老保险影响居民家庭消费的核心机制是居民的总收入以及再分配偏好。为拉动居民消费,应把第三支柱的个人养老金缴费纳入个人所得税专项或专项附加扣除;提高基础养老金的水平,进一步落实养老金水平的动态调整机制。

A Comparative Study on the Influence of Multi-Types of Endowment Insurance on Household Consumption

Under the background of the deepening of aging,the slow growth of household consumption rate,and the increasingly diversified consumer demands,it is increasingly important to study the influence of differ?ent types of endowment insurance on household consumption level and structure.According to the survey data of Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)(2015)and the regression model of propensity score matching(PSM),the influence of different types of endowment insurance on household consumption level and structure and the internal mechanism are analyzed,and the study finds that:participating in basic endowment insurance and in commercial endowment insurance will significantly increase the total household consumption,survival consump?tion,and development consumption,and the increasing effect of basic endowment insurance and commercial en?dowment insurance on development consumption is greater than that of survival consumption;the increasing ef?fect of participating in commercial endowment insurance on total household consumption,survival consumption,and development consumption is greater than that of basic endowment insurance;the core mechanism of endow?ment insurance that affects household consumption is the total income of residents and redistributive prefer?ence.In order to boost household consumption,the contribution of individual pension as the third pillar should be included in the special individual income tax or special additional deduction;the level of basic pension should be raised and the dynamic adjustment mechanism for pension levels should be implemented further.