立法后评估中的公众参与“虚置”及治理路径

作为检验立法实效、提升立法质量、促进法律体系完善的立法后评估制度已逐渐在全国范围内展开实践。然而,在这种多方主体的博弈中,公众当前只是一种被动型或者功能型的“虚置”参与,无法发挥其积极性、主体性的作用。公众参与立法后评估的实践困境具体表现为:参与主体的构成失衡、参与内容的模糊、参与方式的“指令化”及参与效果的抑制。要突破这一困境,须正确认识公众参与评估的价值,从意识、制度、参与的指向及参与效果等方面构建参与路径,实现立法后评估中公众参与的有效性和制度化。

The"Fictitious"Public Participation in the After-Legislation Evaluation and Its Governing Approach

The after-legislation evaluation system,which tests the effectiveness of legislation,improves the quality of legislation,and promotes the perfection of the legal system,has been gradually recognized and carried out nationwide.However,in this multi-subject game,the public only have a passive or functional“fictitious”participation,unable to play their positive and subjective role.Public participation is just a fragmented arrange?ment,far from being institutionalized.The practical dilemma is embodied in the unbalanced composition of the participants,the vagueness of the participation contents,the“instructionalization”of the ways of participation,and the suppression of the effect of participation.To break through this dilemma,it is necessary to have a cor?rect understanding of the value of public participation evaluation,to construct an approach from the aspects of ideology,system,direction of participation,and effect of participation,and to realize the effectiveness and insti?tutionalization of public participation in after-legislation evaluation.