集体行动困境的应对之道--以广州市老旧小区加装电梯工作为例

老旧小区加装电梯是一项面向特定空间、特定人群的准公共产品,居民协商是实现这一公共产品供给的集体行动,但居民的个体理性会导致实施时出现集体行动困境。广州是国内较早开展这项工作的城市,通过访谈和政策内容分析梳理广州市老旧小区加装电梯的工作历程,结合集体行动理论分析老旧小区加装电梯面临的协商规模和价值偏好的困境,并在此基础上进一步探讨居民协商集体行动困境的破解之策。广州市的经验不仅为其他城市老旧小区加装电梯提供了借鉴,也为今后通过制度设计促成居民集体行动、推进城镇老旧小区改造工作,形成社区治理的长效机制提供了有益的启示。

Solution to the Dilemma of Collective Action:A Case Study of the Additional Installation of Elevators for Old or Old-Styled Residential Areas in Guangzhou

The additional installation of elevators for old and old-styled residential areas is a quasi-public product for specific spaces and specific groups.Residents’negotiation is a collective action to realize the sup?ply of this public product,but the individual rationality of the residents leads to the collective action dilemma in the process of implementation.Guangzhou is one of the earliest cities in China to carry out this work.Through interviews and policy analysis,this article sorts out the process of the additional installation elevators for old and old-styled residential areas in Guangzhou,points out that the additional installation elevators for old and old-styled residential areas are being faced with the difficulties in negotiation scale and value preference com?bined with the collective action theory,and then on this basis further analyzes and summarizes the solution to the dilemma of residents’negotiation as a collective action.The experience in Guangzhou not only provides ref?erence for other cities in the additional installation of elevators for old and old-styled residential areas,but also provides beneficial enlightenment through institutional design for the future to promote residents’collective ac?tion,to advance the transformation of old and old-styled urban residential areas,and to form a long-term mech?anism for community governance.