双重互构逻辑下中国城乡关系的演进规律与时代抉择--基于马克思恩格斯城乡融合思想的分析

新中国成立70余年来,城乡关系从分离、差别到二元结构的固化,再至城乡关系的融合发展,这个历史进程部分地践行了马克思恩格斯的城乡融合思想,二者在理论与实践层面实现了首次互构。新时代的城乡关系已然出现了新的变化,而新马克思主义学派也继承更新了马克思主义的理论和方法,重构了空间理论,进一步延展了马克思恩格斯的城乡融合思想,城乡关系的新变化与马克思恩格斯城乡融合思想的动态演进之间实现了二次互构。基于二者双重互构的逻辑,城乡关系的融合与创新发展应汲取马克思恩格斯城乡融合思想的时代精髓:尊重城乡发展的基本规律,规范资本与“人本”的界域;彻底翻转城乡不对等的理念,积极促成城乡资源要素的自由流动;变革城乡融合发展的相关体制与机制,致力于城乡公共服务的均等化及向乡村领域的延伸;实现乡村振兴战略、巩固脱贫攻坚成果及城乡融合发展的三元共振,推进城乡融合发展迈入新阶段。

The Evolution Rule and Era Choice of the Urban-Rural Relationship in China Under the Twice Mutual-Construction Logic:An Analysis Based on Marx & Engels's Thought of the Urban-Rural Integration

Over the past 70 years since the founding of the PRC,urban-rural relationship has evolved from sep?aration and difference to the solidification of dual structure,and then to the integrated development of the ur?ban-rural relationship.The historical process of the urban-rural relationship partly reflects Marx&Engels’s thought of the urban-rural integration,and they have realized the first mutual construction in theory and prac?tice.The urban-rural relationship in the New Era has appeared new changes.The neo-Marxist school inherits and updates Marxist theory and methodology,reconstructs the space theory,studies and criticizes the elements such as capital,technology,labor,and information in urban space,and is adapting and adjusting to the new situ?ation of the urban-rural relationship in practice.The new changes of urban-rural relationship between areas and Marx&Engels’s thought of the urban-rural integration realized the second mutual construction in their dy?namic evolution.Based on the twice mutual-construction logic and the review of the changing picture of the ur?ban-rural relationship in China over the past 70 years,the integration and innovative development of the urbanrural relationship should absorb the era essence of Marx&Engels’s thought of the urban-rural integration:to respect the basic rule of the urban-rural development and to standardize the boundary between capital and“people orientation”;to thoroughly reverse the conception of urban-rural imbalance and to actively promote the free flow of urban and rural resources;to reform the relevant systems and mechanisms for the integrated develop?ment of urban and rural areas,and to strive for the equalization of urban and rural public services and its exten?sion to rural areas;to realize the three-pronged strategy of the rural revitalization,the consolidation the achieve?ments of poverty alleviation,and the integrated urban-rural development,and to usher in a new stage of the inte?grated urban-rural development.