论我国湿地生态补偿市场化——以美国湿地缓解银行机制为借鉴

作为美国湿地保护所独有的机制,湿地缓解银行在保护湿地生态价值、促进湿地合理利用方面发挥了重要作用。湿地缓解银行将湿地补偿信贷作为货币,通过市场交易,向湿地开发者出售湿地,可使受损的湿地得到补偿。与传统的湿地补偿相比,这种运用市场手段保护湿地的新机制能够消除湿地受损与修复之间的空档期,提高湿地补偿的成功率,确保湿地生态效益得到补偿并最终实现湿地“零净损失”的目标。作为市场主导型补偿模式的典型,美国湿地缓解银行机制充分调动了市场的积极性,使生态补偿的生态效益和经济效益达到最大化。这种湿地补偿的创新机制值得我们借鉴。

Marketization of Wetland Ecological Compensation in China:Taking the Wetland Mitigation Banking Mechanism in the US as a Reference

Wetland mitigation banking,a peculiar wetland protection mechanism in the US,plays a crucial role in protecting ecological value and promoting fair use of wetland.In the process of the wetland mitigation banking,wetland mitigation credit is used as currency and damaged wetland is compensated in market transactions where wetlands are sold to wetland developers.What makes the banking distinct from traditional wetland compensation mechanism is the new market-based mechanism makes possible to eliminate the gap between wetland damage and damage repair.It is conducive to higher success rate in wetland compensation and ensures that ecological benefits of wetland can be compensated with the ultimate"no net loss"target fulfilled.As a typical market-driven compensation model,the US wetland mitigation banking mechanism has fully mobilized the enthusiasm of the market to maximize the ecological and economic benefits of ecological compensation.This innovative mechanism of wetland compensation is worthy of our reference.