审执关系的基本原理研究

基于保护民事权利的近代理想,审判与执行一直被视为两种重要的公力救济方式,遵循着司法权所固有的质的规定性,如程序启动上的被动性、债权人公法性的请求权、对受侵害的权利以诉讼时效的保护等。同时,在执行机构与被执行人之间关系的层面上,民事执行具有不同于审判的构造,二者存在着诸如单向性与多向互动性、不平等性与平等性、主动性与中立性、形式化与判断性、强制性与和平性、职权主义与当事人主义、效率取向与公正取向等紧张关系,这是支撑“审执分立”的法理基础。

Research on the Principles of Relations Between Civil Trial and Enforcement

Civil trials and enforcement of judgments are deemed as two important judicial remedies to protecting civil rights. To protect rights of litigation, we must comply with some general rules, such as " No plaintiff, no proceedings", etc. The mechanism of enforcement is different from that of trial. Between them there exist lots of opposite aspects, e. g. unilateral and multi-lateral interactive relations, inequality and equality, activity and neutrality, formality and determinability, compulsion and compromise, party control and primary control, value orientation and justice orientation, etc., which have laid the foundation for the separation of trial and enforcement.