证明负担动态论研究

当事人如果要求法院依其主张为裁判时,必须就其所主张的特定、重要、有关联的事实,负有主张和提出证据以为证明的负担,如果有不能提出证据或提出的证据不足以证明其主张事实成立的情形时.则负担事实审理者不能依其主张作出裁判的结果;如果提出的证据,导致事实审理者对案件事实认定存在真伪不明的情形时,即有不能依其主张的事实作出裁判的危险的负担。证明负担(burden of proof)的内容包括事实主张项下的证据方法的主张负担(behauptungs last,burden of pleading)、提出该证据方法的负担即举证负担(the burden of producing evidence)以及对证据进行辩论的负担即心证负担(the burden ofpersuasion)。

Research on Shifting of Burden of Proof

If a party claims his rights and then hopes the judge decides as he claims,he bears the burden of supporting his claim with specific,important and affiliated facts.If he fails to produce evidence or enough evi- dence,the judge can not uphold his claim.If presented evidence confuses the judge in determining its being true or false,the claimant faces the risk of having his evidence unadmitted.Burden of proof covers,for claimed facts, burden of pleading,burden of producing evidence and burden of persuasion.