立法“根据宪法”无可非议——评“全国人大立法不宜根据宪法说”

梁慧星先生的《不宜》一文认定全国人大根据宪法立法抵触和违背人大制度的论点没有根据。《不宜》立论的逻辑前提不能成立,对西方国家依据宪法立法的原因的理解有误,对中国制宪过程的阐释有违史实、不合宪理。人大制度不是依任何法律产生的论断违背历史真实。全国人大行使的立法权源于宪法,最高国家权力机关有权修宪但不可违宪。《不宜》理论上陷入了严重自相矛盾的状态。主张“最高国家权力机关的权力不受宪法限制”反映的是国家主义、绝对权力的落伍观念。如果此说付诸实践,不仅将毁灭宪法、毁坏法制的基础,也将剥夺市民社会存在的空间,造成否定私法自治和严重侵犯公民私权利的法律后果。目前情况下在基本的法律中规定“根据宪法”的内容是必要而正确的举措。

The Rule of "According to Constitution, Making this Law" Is Correct

Prof.Liang holds the argument groundless that the NPC's legislations in accordance with the Constitution conflict and contravene the People's Congress system.The author challenges that Liang's logic does not hold,the result both of a misunderstanding of the origins of Western countries' legislative activities under their constitutions and of a misstatement and misinterpretation of the Constitution-making process in China.It goes against the historical truth that the People's Congress institution emerged without any law.In fact,the NPC's legislative power originated from the Constitution,the supreme branch is empowered to amend the Constitution,not to violate it.Liang's theory is self-contradictive.His standing,implying that the supreme branch is out of the Constitution's check,reflects an anachronistic conception of nationalism and absolute power.If translated into practices,not only the Constitution is to be destroyed,the foundation of social ist legal system is to be shaken,but also the civil society would be deprived,leading to the negation of the autonomy of private law and the serious infringement of citizens' private rights.In the existing circumstances,it is a necessary and correct measure to provide in the fundamental laws that they are enacted “in accordance with the Constitution”.