福利国家模式、职业结构与不平等原因

福特主义工业社会向后福特主义服务经济的转变,赋予各类福利国家诸多新特征。从职业分层来看,经济服务化过程中大量专业岗位的创造及其对熟练技能的需求,使得教育以及其他社会政策,越来越成为推动阶层流动的决定力量。从收入分布来看,全球化、去管制化、去工业化与老龄化、经济服务化、城市化的叠加,使得福利国家模式普遍呈现出收入极化或不平等,中产衰退的迹象也比较明显。效率公平权衡的努力,进一步加剧了福利国家模式分化。鉴于高度现代化过程中不断出现的困难和挑战,产业均衡发展,经济政策与社会政策协调,构成稳妥推进共同富裕的重要基础。

Welfare-State Regimes,Occupational Structure and Causes to Inequality

From the Fordist industrial society to the post-Fordist service society, many new characteristics emerged in the welfare states. In terms of occupational stratification, the emergence of great number of professional jobs in the process of servitization as well as its demand for skilled workers had made education and other social policies increasingly become the decisive forces for class mobility. From the perspective of income distribution, globalization, deregulation, deindustrialization combined with the composite issues of aging, servitization and urbanization have led to polarized or uneven income distribution in almost all welfare states, and the middle class declined generally. Efforts aimed at balancing efficiency and equity magnified the divergence of welfare states. In the light of the difficulties encountered by developed countries in the pursuit of modernization, balanced industrial development and co-ordination between economic and social policies are the cornerstone of common prosperity.