从八思哈到达鲁其——蒙古对罗斯行政管理体制的演变

1240—1480年间,罗斯处于蒙古的统治之下。起初,蒙古实行残暴的八思哈制度。14世纪初,由于种种原因,八思哈制度被废止。但蒙古并未放松对罗斯的行政管理,而是采用了遥控的达鲁其制度,定期从萨莱派遣使节（包索力）,指导和管理贡赋征缴、征募军队等事务。同时,在人口统计基础上,蒙古人将罗斯划分为若干财政区、行政区或军事区,称其为＂提马＂或＂提迈＂。达鲁其制度一直持续到罗斯获得独立。

The Evolution of Administrative Management System of Mongolia on Rus

During 1240 - 1480, Bus is dominated by Mongolian. At first, Mongolian carried out a cruel Fascal system. In the 14th century, due to various reasons, eight, Faseal system was abolished, but Mongolian do not relax the Administrative Manage- ment to Rus, they choose Datumγa？ i administrative management, they give the guidance and management to the tax, military troops. At the same time, on the basis of the population statistics, Mongolian divided Rus into a number of financial area, admin- istrative region or the military area, called it ＂Tima＂ or ＂Timai＂. This system continued to Rus gained independence.