评《民法草案》的体系结构

本文评析了第九届全国人大法工委起草的《中华人民共和国民法(草案)》的体系结构,认为该《草案》在体系结构上有两个方面的进步:一是在总则编设专章规定“民事权利”、“民事责任”,具有一定体系价值;二是将“人格权法”、“婚姻家庭法”、“继承法”排列在一起,初步体现了对人身关系进行统一法律调整的要求。同时又存在两个方面的缺陷,一是未设“债”之专编规定传统债法总则的内容;二是《草案》仅对《民法通则》、现有单行民事法律和《物权法草案》作了简单拼凑,各编的内容未加协调与整合,存在诸多不该发生的逻辑错误。在评析《民法草案》体系结构之基础上,文章提出了改进《草案》总体结构的方案,认为我国民法典之编纂应采总则、人、财产三分法之总体结构,在编制上可设“总则”、“自然人”、“法人与其他组织”、“物权”、“债”、“合同”、“侵权责任”七编。

On the System and Structure of the Draft of Civil Law Code

This thesis evaluates the system and structure of the Draft of Civil Law Code of the PRC, drafted by the legality commission of the 9th NPC Standing Committee, rendering that the Draft enjoys two merits and two defects also on the system and structure. The two merits include that,firstly,there existsa a special chapter in the General Rules prescribing civil rights and civil liabilities which enjoys some value of systematization and,secondly, the law of personal rights, the law of marriage and the law of heritage are organized together, which embody the need of uniform legal regulation of the personal relation. The two defects include that,firstly,there exists no special obligation section governing the contents of the general rules of the traditional obligation law, and secondly this Draft just simply makes up the General Principles of Civil Law of the PRC, the present separate civil regulations and the Draft of the Law of Things, which looks like a unplanned composite work and has many logical misunderstandings. Based on the comments of merits and defects of the system and structure of the Draft of Civil Code, the author puts forward his own solutions of promoting the Draft and advocates that we should adopt the trichotomy of the general rules, the person and the property in the course of codification of the Civil Code and should set up seven sections of the General Rules, the Natural person, the Legal Person and other organizations, the Law of Things, the Obligation, the Contracts, the Torts Law.