从康德道德哲学看儒家的乡愿

康德与孔子是相通的,都强调真正的道德是自由意志的一贯性。“乡愿”出自孔子的一句话“乡愿,德之贼也”。孔子在《论语》中批评乡愿之徒,也就是地方上的好好先生,对谁都关系处理得好,八面玲珑,左右逢源,所有人都说他好;但这种人内心并不是出于道德目的而是别的目的。

Observing Confucianists'''' Xiangyuan from the View of Kant''''s Moral Philosophy

Kant was similar to Confucius in that men stressed that real morality should embodied the consistence of free will. “Xiangyuan” (will of the local people) comes from Confucian’s words, “Xiangyuan is contrary to morality.” Confucius criticized those who advocated Xiangyuan, i.e. local yes-men who offended nobody and were clever in dealing with people so nobody bore a grudge against them. However, deep in those men’s minds there was no morality but only some low and mean purpose.