我国紧急采购的法治化:经验与建议

紧急采购是国家治理能力建设的重要组成部分。紧急采购与常规采购的核心区别在于是否突破采购的计划性。在财政责任的约束下,采购主体需要为采购行为寻找合法性,由此逐步形成了紧急采购的一些惯例,包括授权启动、合理价格、多元采购、事后监督等。完善我国紧急采购立法,一方面要总结这些良好实践经验,另一方面应当深入探讨紧急采购授权启动的范围和程序、灵活购买机制的构建、紧急采购的事权划分、紧急采购的监督救济,以及紧急采购与供给侧管理之间的关系等问题。应在总结我国经验并借鉴其他国家立法经验的基础上,采取硬法和软法相结合的模式,尽快完善我国紧急采购立法。

Legalization of Emergency Procurement System in China:Experiences and Suggestions

Emergency procurement is an important component of national governance capacity-building.The key difference between emergency procurement and normal procurement is whether it is within the intention and scope of procurement plans.Under the constraint of financial accountability,in order to justify the procurement,procurement entities has gradually formed some usual practices in terms of emergency procurement,such as the authorization of emergency procurement,the principle of reasonable price,the diversified procurement method,and the ex-post supervision,etc.To improve the laws of emergency procurement in China,it is necessary to summarize these good practices,and probe in depth into some relevant issues,including the scope and procedures of the authorization,the establishment of flexible procurement mechanisms,the division of administrative powers between the central and the local governments in this regard,the remedy and supervision during acquisition,and the interaction between emergency procurement and supply side management.It is the right time to complete the task.Based on summarizing our own experiences and drawing lessons from other jurisdictions,we should improve the legislation concerning the emergency procurement as quick as possible by covering the main content discussed above and combining hard law and soft law.